b'PIPELINE EMERGENCY RESPONSE GUIDELINESAppendix CRecommended Minimum Evacuation Distances ForNatural Gas Pipeline Leaks and RupturesNot applicable for butane, propane, or other hazardous liquids.During an emergency, please consult with the pipeline operator for pipeline size and pressure.Pipeline Size (Inches)Pressure (psig)Table 1Evacuation Distance in FeetThe applicable leak or rupture condition is that of a sustained trench fire fueled by non-toxic natural gas escaping from two full bore pipe ends. Blast overpressure is not addressed. The distances shown in Table 1 are intended to provide protection from burn injury and correspond to a thermal heat flux exposure level of 450 Btu/hr ft2. This is the accepted limit of heat exposure for unprotected outdoor areas where people congregate; as established by the US Department of Housing & Urban Development Code 24CFR51, Subpart C, Siting of HUD Assisted Projects Near Hazardous Operations Handling Conventional Fuels or Chemicals of an Explosive or Flammable Nature. The formula used to calculate distance was taken from the Gas Research Institute Report GRI-00/0189, A Model for Sizing High Consequence Areas Associated with Natural Gas Pipelines, 2001, prepared by C-FER Technologies. The formula is: square root of pressure x nominal pipe size x 2.28. That model does not take into account wind or other factors which may greatly influence specific conditions. Users are advised that the distances shown in Table 1 are considered to be general information only and are not intended to replace a site specific risk analysis. The Pipeline Association for Public Awareness makes no warranty with respect to the usefulness of this information and assumes no liability for any and all damages resulting from its use. Anyone using this information does so at their own risk.34 2023 by Pipeline Association for Public Awareness'